The Present Participle
The Present Participle
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The present participle is a word in the form -ing that is not a noun or a gerund. Because it always uses verb -ing, present participle is often interpreted to be gerud. In fact gerund has a different function, i.e. noun or verb whose role is changed to noun. Meanwhile, present participle can be used to be verb or adjective from a sentence.
The present participle is often used in continuous / progressive tense such as present continuous tense, past continuous, present perfect continuous tense or future continuous tense.
The present participle can function as part of the verb or as an adjective. The present participle can function as part of the verb if the present participle is used with the help to be (am, is, are, was, were). In contrast, the present perticiple that functions as an adjective is not preceded by to be or not used together to be.
Examples of TOEFL Problem
Multiple choice1. The book ___ promoting at the bookstore is mine.
a. it
b. was
c. is
d. now
The book : subject
promoting : present participle(adjective)
is : verb, sehingga options was, it dan is kurang tepat.
Karena kalimat tersebut sudah terdapat subject dan verb, maka jawaban yang paling tepat adalah d. now
2. The concert ___ showing at the stadium is the one I want to attend.
a. now
b. is
c. it
d. was
The concert : subject
showing : present participle(adjective)
is : verb, sehingga options was, it dan is kurang tepat.
Karena kalimat tersebut sudah terdapat subject dan verb, maka jawaban yang paling tepat adalah a. now
3. The professor ___ explaining the contents of the journal for the thesis.
a. now
b. is
c. it
d. was
The professor : subject
explaining : present participle(verb), namun kurang to be di depannya.
Sehingga jawaban yang tepat adalah b. is sebagai to be untuk explaining yang merupakan present participle(verb).
4. ___ was eating in the rooftop
a. is
b. was
c. were
d. the couple
was eating : present participle(verb), sehingga tidak memerlukan verb lagi. Jadi options is, was dan were kurang tepat.
Jadi kalimat tersebut memerlukan subject, maka jawaban yang tepat adalah d. the couple
5. The car now ___ at the junkyard is his.
a. he
b. is
c. showing
d. was
The car : subject, sehingga options he kurang tepat
is : verb, kalimat tersebut tidak memerlukan verb lagi, sehingga options is dan was kurang tepat
Sehingga jawaban terbaik adalah c. showing karena jika di masukkan ke dalam kalimat maka showing akan menjadi present participle(adjective).
Error Analysis
1. The football team winning the champion is my school team
The football team : subject
winning : present participle(adjective)
is my school team : verb
CORRECT
2. The spices flavoring the meal were quite distinctive
The spices : subject
flavoring : present participle(adjective)
were quite : verb
CORRECT
3. The advertisements were announcing the half-day sale received a lot of attention.
The advertisements : subject
announcing : present participle(adjective)
received : verb
INCORRECT, seharusnya were pada (were announcing) dihilangkan karena sudah terdapat verb yaitu received jadi announcing merupakan adjective.
4. Any students desiring official transcripts should complete the appropriate form.
Any students : subject
desiring : present participle(adjective)
should complete : verb
CORRECT
5. The man standing over there is the owner of this company
The man : subject
standing : present participle(adjective)
is the owner : verb
CORRECT
6. The child was playing in the park is my nephew
The child : subject
playing : present participle(adjective)
is my nephew : verb
INCORRECT, seharusnya was pada (was playing) dihilangkan karena sudah terdapat verb yaitu is my nephew jadi playing merupakan adjective.
7. The yellow bus is coming here is our school bus
The yellow bus : subject
coming : present participle(adjective)
is our school bus : verb
INCORRECT, seharusnya is pada (is coming) dihilangkan karena sudah terdapat verb yaitu is our school bus jadi coming merupakan adjective.
8. The lecturer teaching in this class was Mr. Sanders
The lecturer : subject
teaching : present participle(adjective)
was Mr. Sanders : verb
CORRECT
9. The fruits were rotting because of the moisture in the crates carrying them to market.
The fruits : subject
were rotting : verb
carrying : present participle(adjective)
CORRECT
10. The speaker was trying to make his point was often interrupted vociferously.
The speaker : subject
trying : present participle(adjective)
was : verb
interrupted : verb
INCORRECT, seharusnya was pada (was trying) dihilangkan karena sudah terdapat verb jadi trying merupakan adjective.
Sources:
[1] S. Martinus, Sukses Menyelesaikan TOEFL STRUCTURE, Yogyakarta: Indonesia Tera, 2008.
[2] Nurjaya, "TOEFL Skill 4: Present Participle dan Implementasinya pada Kalimat," 30 January 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.kampunginggris.id/toefl-skill-4-present-participle-dan-implementasinya-pada-kalimat. [Accessed 8 April 2020].
[3] S. M. Anik M. Indriastuti, TOEFL TOP SCORE, Jakarta: PT WahyuMedia, 2011.
[4] N. Setiawati, “Present Participle: Skill 4 Dalam TOEFL Yang Wajib Kamu Ingat,” 11 February 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.ilmubahasainggris.com/present-participle-skill-4-dalam-toefl-yang-wajib-kamu-ingat/. [Diakses 8 April 2020].
[5] S. G. Sukur, COMPLETE ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR THE TOEFL TEST Langkah Jitu Melejitkan Score TOEFL TEST, Yogyakarta: Indonesia Cerdas, 2009.
[6] TOEFL SKILL 4 (Structure): PRESENT PARTICIPLE | TEATU with Mr Wira - Kampung Inggris LC. [Film]. Indonesia: Kampung Inggris LC - Language Center, 2018.
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